Types Of Crimes That Are Public Records

Criminal records can significantly impact an individual's ability to secure housing, employment, or financial services. But which types of crimes are public records, and what does that mean for the average person?

Here below, we'll explore what qualifies as a public criminal record, the different types of crimes that fall under this category, and how this information is accessed and used.

What Are Public Records?

Public records are documents or pieces of information that are not considered confidential and are maintained by government agencies. These can include:

• Birth and death certificates
• Marriage and divorce records
• Property records
• Court documents
• Criminal records

Criminal records fall under the category of public court records, meaning they can be accessed by anyone unless sealed or expunged by a court.

Are All Crimes Public Records?

Not all crimes are available for public viewing. The availability of a criminal record depends on several factors, such as:

• The severity of the offense
• The age of the offender
• Whether the record was sealed or expunged
• Jurisdiction laws (state, federal, etc.)

However, most criminal convictions, particularly those handled in adult court, are public records. Arrests, charges, court proceedings, and final judgments are typically available unless a judge orders otherwise.

Common Types Of Crimes That Are Public Records

Here are the most common categories of crimes that are typically found in public criminal records:

1. Felonies
Felonies are the most serious type of crimes and almost always appear on public records. These crimes carry sentences of more than one year in prison and include:

• Murder and manslaughter
• Rape and sexual assault
• Kidnapping
• Robbery
• Arson
• Aggravated assault
• Major drug trafficking offenses

Because of their severity, felony convictions are rarely eligible for expungement and are almost always accessible through background checks.

2. Misdemeanors
Misdemeanors are less severe than felonies but are still considered criminal offenses. These crimes typically result in jail time of less than one year, probation, or fines. Common examples include:

• Petty theft
• Public intoxication
• Disorderly conduct
• Simple assault
• Vandalism
• First-time DUI or DWI offenses
• Trespassing

Misdemeanor records are usually public unless sealed or expunged, which may be possible depending on state laws and the offender's history.

3. Arrests And Charges (Even Without Conviction)

In many states, arrest records and criminal charges are public, even if the individual was never convicted. This includes:

• Dismissed charges
• Dropped cases
• Cases resulting in acquittal

While this information can be found in public databases, it's important to note that being arrested or charged is not proof of guilt. Nevertheless, such records can still appear on background checks unless legally sealed.

4. Traffic Violations And Infractions

Some traffic offenses may appear in public records, especially if they are criminal in nature. These include:

• DUI/DWI
• Driving with a suspended license
• Reckless driving
• Hit and run

Minor traffic infractions like speeding tickets may not appear in criminal background checks but can still be part of public records maintained by the DMV or local courts.

5. Sex Offenses (Sex Offender Registry)

One of the most publicly accessible types of criminal records is the Sex Offender Registry. This includes individuals convicted of:

• Sexual assault
• Child molestation
• Possession or distribution of child pornography
• Indecent exposure (in some cases)

These records are made public to protect communities and are maintained by state and federal databases. In many cases, registration is required for life.

6. White-Collar Crimes

White-collar crimes involve non-violent financial offenses, and convictions are typically public. These include:

• Fraud (tax, credit card, insurance)
• Embezzlement
• Money laundering
• Bribery and corruption
• Identity theft
• Insider trading

Because these crimes often involve complex investigations, they are usually handled in higher courts and generate detailed court records.

Who Can Access Public Criminal Records?

In most jurisdictions, public criminal records can be accessed by:

• Employers (especially during background checks)
• Landlords
• Lenders and financial institutions
• Law enforcement agencies
• The general public (via online court databases or record requests)

In some states, criminal records can be searched online through court portals or third-party websites. However, privacy laws vary, so some sensitive information may be redacted.

How To Find Public Criminal Records

If you're looking to access public criminal records, here are common methods:

1. SearchUSAPeople.com
2. State Court Websites: Most states provide online access to criminal case records.
3. County Clerk's Office: You can request physical or digital copies of records.
4. Online Background Check Services: These compile data from various public sources.
5. Law Enforcement Agencies: Some police departments offer access to arrest records.
6. National Databases: For example, the National Sex Offender Public Website (NSOPW).

Always verify that you're using a legitimate and secure source when accessing or sharing public record data.

Can Public Criminal Records Be Removed?

Yes, in some cases, criminal records can be sealed or expunged, meaning they are no longer available to the public. Eligibility depends on:

• The type of offense
• The state law
• The time elapsed since conviction
• Completion of sentencing or probation

Records involving serious violent crimes or sex offenses are rarely eligible. If you're seeking expungement, consulting a criminal defense attorney is recommended.

Why Do Public Criminal Records Matter?

Understanding which crimes are public records is important because they can:

• Affect employment opportunities
• Impact housing applications
• Show up in custody or legal proceedings
• Damage personal or professional reputation

For individuals with a criminal history, knowing what information is accessible, and how to potentially clear it, can be crucial for rebuilding their life.

Criminal Records Are A Major Part Of The Public Record System

Criminal records are a major part of the public record system and serve an important role in transparency, safety, and legal accountability.

Felonies, misdemeanors, arrests, sex offenses, and some traffic violations are typically accessible through public channels. While not all records are permanent or available to everyone, many are just a few clicks away.

If you're concerned about what's on your criminal record, consider obtaining a copy through official channels or speaking with a legal professional about your rights.